Geochemical study of the Neoproterozoic clastic sedimentary rocks of the Khambal Formation (Sindreth Basin), Aravalli Craton,NW Indian Shield: Implications for paleoweathering,provenance, and geodynamic evolution     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2020,80(1):125596

Petrographic and geochemical studies characterize lithologies of the Khambal Formation deposited in the Sindreth Basin as arkosic, subarkosic, and quartzarenite. Weathering indices, such as CIA and CIW in conjunction with the ACNK diagram, prescribe mostly moderate chemical weathering with intermittent pulses of extreme weathering in the source area. The discrimination diagrams suggest that these Neoproterozoic clastics were deposited in an active rift basin. Provenance indicators of the detritus components point to a terrane possessing subordinate mafic material in conjunction with large felsic components. A comparison of immobile element ratios with probable source rocks suggest that the Mesoproterozoic Delhi arc situated to the east of the Sindreth Basin could be the possible source. Our mixing calculation defines the proportion of end member components in the Delhi arc. Geodynamic considerations relate the origin of the Sindreth Basin to the processes of disintegration and reassembly of supercontinents.  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带肥东北部文集地区构造岩类型与构造变形分析     

袁芳  宋传中  LIN ShouF  石永红  李加好  李振伟  王微  王阳阳 《岩石学报》2020,36(2):601-620

位于郯庐断裂带中南部的肥东地区是郯庐断裂带内韧性剪切带出露的主体区域之一。本文从肥东北部文集地区的构造岩组成及其变形入手,通过详细的野外观测、室内显微构造变形分析来确定该地区构造变形的几何学形态及其涡度、有限应变、分维度、差异应力、应变速率等参数。研究区主要出露角闪岩相肥东变质杂岩,构造岩以糜棱岩和糜棱岩化片麻岩为主,岩石变形强烈。根据极摩尔圆法得到的运动学涡度值为0.729~0.870,指示区域内的韧性剪切活动以简单剪切为主。几何学形态上,肥东北部文集地区构造整体呈一背形展出,其枢纽走向NE-SW,轴面倾向SE,物质及变形强度等方面均表现出一定的规律和对称性。研究区内动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有统计学上的自相似性,其分维值D在1.143~1.208之间,且自背形核部向两翼,颗粒粒径增大,分维值减小。差异应力Δσ介于17.86~55.18MPa之间,应变速率ε值在1.960×10^-13~7.330×10^-12s^-1之间,且背形核部差异应力和应变速率较两翼大,呈近似对称性分布。通过对比以上构造参数可以发现,区内差异应力和应变速率表现出一定的正相关性,自核部向两翼二者均呈减小趋势;动态重结晶石英颗粒则与应变速率呈负相关性,即核部颗粒细小、两翼增大。本文从几何学、运动学以及显微构造变形分析等方面对该区构造变形展开精细化研究,借此来分析肥东北部地区郯庐断裂带的构造形态和运动学特征,这对进一步认识郯庐断裂带的演化过程及构造模型的建立有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

Current-induced scour beneath initially elevated subsea pipelines     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

When a subsea pipeline is laid on an uneven seabed, certain sections may have an initial elevation with respect to the far-field seabed, e_o, and thus potentially affecting the on-bottom stability of the pipeline. This paper focuses on quantifying the effects of the upstream dimensionless seabed shear stress, θ_∞, and Reynolds number, Re, on: (1) the maximum dimensionless seabed shear stress beneath the pipe, θ_max, to be compared to the critical shear stress in order to determine whether scour would occur and progress towards an equilibrium state; and, (2) the dimensionless equilibrium scour depth beneath the pipe, S_eq/D. Using a 2-D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach along with the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model, a parametric study involving 243 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was conducted. The simulation results were used to develop a closed-form equation for the prediction of θ_max. Subsequently, experimental measurements of S_eq/D have been compiled from published literature, to develop a new closed-form equation for the prediction of S_eq/D with a high correlation to the experimental data. In summary, we present two closed-form equations for the prediction of θ_max and S_eq/D for pipelines with an initial e_o/D, which are applicable for both clear-water and live-bed conditions. The effects of θ_∞ and Re have been included, albeit Re having a small influence as compared to the other parameters.  相似文献   

A stress and displacement discontinuity element method for elastic transversely anisotropic rock     

A. Bobet  V. García Marín 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):1898-1922

The paper presents closed‐form solutions for stress and displacement influence functions for stress discontinuity (SD) and displacement discontinuity (DD) elements, for a two‐dimensional plane‐strain elastic, transversely anisotropic medium. The solutions for SD elements are based on Kelvin's problem and for DD elements on the concept of dipoles. Stress and displacement influence functions are derived for the following elements: constant SD, linear SD, constant DD, linear DD, square root DD, parabolic DD, constant DD surface, and linear DD surface elements. The formulations are incorporated into FROCK, a hybridized boundary element method code, and are validated by providing comparisons between the results from FROCK and the finite element code ABAQUS. A limited parametric analysis shows the effects of slight anisotropy on the stress field around the tip of a crack and of the orientation of the crack with respect to the axes of elastic symmetry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Conditional statistics of Reynolds shear stress in flow over 2D dunes in the presence of surface waves          下载免费PDF全文

Satya P. Ojha 《水文研究》2014,28(18):4829-4842

This study presents the analysis of the velocity fluctuations to describe the conditional statistics of Reynolds shear stress in flow over two‐dimensional dunes in the presence of surface waves of varying frequency. The flow velocity measurements over the dunes are made using a 16‐MHz 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The joint probability distributions of the normalized stream‐wise and vertical velocity fluctuations at different vertical locations are calculated in the trough region of a selected dune in quasi‐steady region of the flow. Third‐order moments of the stream‐wise and vertical velocity components over one dune length are also calculated throughout the flow depth for understanding the effect of surface waves on relative contributions to the Reynolds shear stress due to the four quadrant events. The structure of instantaneous Reynolds stresses is analysed using quadrant analysis technique. It has been shown that the contributions of second and fourth quadrant events to the Reynolds shear stress increase with increase in the frequency of surface waves. In fact, the largest contribution to turbulent stresses comes from the second quadrant. The cumulant discard method is applied to describe the statistical properties of the covariance term u′w′. Conditional statistics and conditional sampling are used to compare the experimental and theoretical relative contributions to the Reynolds shear stress from the four quadrant events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时     

赖锦  王贵文  庞小娇  韩宗晏  李栋  赵仪迪  王松  江程舟  李红斌  黎雨航 《地质论评》2021,67(5):67060005-67060005

测井地质学以地质学和测井学的方法理论为指导,综合运用各种测井信息,来解决基础地质和石油地质的地质问题。经过数十年发展,测井地质学在油气勘探开发各个环节得到广泛应用。非常规油气的兴起使得测井地质学正面临多重挑战和全新探索,亟需建立针对非常规油气的测井地质学综合方法理论体系。本文以《测井地质学·第二版》出版为契机,系统归纳了测井地质学的起源及发展历程、主要研究内容和研究方法流程。然后总结了测井资料与地震、地质信息的匹配性,并分析了不同探测特性测井方法纵向分辨率区间特征。在此基础上评述了测井地质学在井旁构造解析、沉积学特征研究、层序地层划分、地应力方向判别及大小计算、井壁裂缝识别与评价、烃源岩评价以及非常规油气“七性关系”综合评价当中的应用。但由于测井资料的负载能力有限性、测井与地质信息属性不对应性以及测井资料本身的多解性,使得测井地质学在测井—地质转换、非常规油气测井评价及其与人工智能融合方面还存在一定的问题。因此加强基础岩石物理研究,挖掘测井曲线中包含的地质信息,并与人工智能相结合,将拓展测井地质学研究的精度和广度,从而使其未来可更好地应用至非常规油气测井评价等实践工作中。  相似文献   

青藏高原新生代古高度研究：现状与展望     

李乐意  常宏  关冲  陶亚玲  沈俊杰  秦秀玲  权春艳  常小红 《地质论评》2021,67(5):1406-1440

青藏高原新生代古高度研究是地球系统科学研究中的一个热点、难点和重点,它是解决地球深部动力学、地貌地形演化和气候变化等各部分相互关系的一个关键突破口。目前以古生物和氧同位素为代表的各种古高度计被用来重建青藏高原新生代的古高度历史,但是不同的研究方法所得到的结果并不一致,关于青藏高原何时隆升到现在的海拔高度存在晚上新世、晚中新世和始新世等不同认识。因为古高度结果的差异,所以对于青藏高原新生代的构造隆升过程和动力机制也存在大的争议。本文首先详细的阐述了部分古高度计的应用原理及其各自的优缺点,收集总结了78条青藏高原古高度研究的成果,梳理了目前青藏高原新生代古高度研究的历史和现状。然后在此基础上讨论了目前高原古高度研究的特点和存在的问题,即地层年代学、氧同位素和古生物古高度计结果的协调、“以点带面”、区域研究程度差异较大、替代性指标的多解性、古纬度影响、地质时期温度递减率的不确定性、全球气候变化的影响等特点和问题。最后就存在的特点和问题指出在恢复青藏高原新生代古高度时所需要完善和注意的方面,其中最重要的是注重地层年代学的可靠性。  相似文献   

辽北法库变质杂岩的组成、变形与变质特点及构造属性     

赵春强  张志斌  时溢  石绍山  尤洪喜  陈聪  赵敬阳 《岩石学报》2021,36(7):1983-2006

辽北法库变质杂岩的形成时代、大地构造属性及其与长春-延吉缝合带的形成过程一直以来都是众多地质学者关注的重要科学问题。本文试图通过U-Pb年代学以及物质组成分析、变形变质作用特点分析和区域对比的方法来建立法库变质杂岩的时空格架,大地构造归属及区域构造演化。通过详细的野外工作和镜下分析得到法库变质杂岩存在至少两期变形作用特点及角闪岩相-高绿片岩相至低绿片岩相的变质作用特点。通过对杂岩体中不同类型变质岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究得到中志留世糜棱岩化黑云母花岗闪长岩原岩年龄为433±3Ma;晚志留世绢云长英质糜棱岩原岩年龄为423±5Ma;早二叠世绢云绿泥方解斜长糜棱岩原岩年龄为292±2Ma;早三叠世长英质糜棱岩原岩年龄为250±3Ma。通过区域对比,笔者认为法库变质杂岩为索伦-西拉木伦缝合带东延的一部分是长春-延吉缝合带的重要组成,其形成演化具有复合型造山的特点,具有复杂的构造演化史。  相似文献   

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论     

马锋  张光亚  刘祚冬  梁英波  张磊  杨柳明  许岩  毛祖臣 《地质论评》2021,67(4):67050009-67050009

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同。研究表明：古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构造分带、盆地演化、盆地类型及油气成藏模式。根据古洋壳缝合线可分为北、中、南3个构造带,古生代以来多期微板块的拼贴,导致特提斯构造域东段含油气盆地演化分为3个演化阶段,早古生代伸展、晚古生代挤压、早中生代伸展和新生代挤压构造作用控制了研究区盆地的叠合演化,发育下古生界、上古生界和中生界3套区域分布的优质烃源岩和下古生界、上古生界、中生界和新生界4套储盖组合,形成多种类型的油气藏。  相似文献   

Fracture Characteristics and Heat Accumulation of Jixianian Carbonate Reservoirs in the Rongcheng Geothermal Field, Xiong’an New Area     

WANG Yingjin  MA Feng  XIE Heping  WANG Guiling  WANG Zhihe 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):1902-1914

Geothermal energy plays an important role in urban construction of the Xiong’an New Area. Geothermal reservoir fracture distribution of the Mesoproterozoic Jixianian Wumishan Formation (Fm.) carbonate reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field are evaluated based on FMI log from Wells D19 and D21. The results show carbonate reservoir fracture density of Well D19 is 15.2/100 m, greater than that of Well D21 with a value of 9.2/100 m. Reservoir porosity and permeability of Well D19 are better than that of Well D21, and the water saturation is bimodally distributed. The movable fluid volume ratio (BVM) of Well D19 is 2% to 8% with some zones exceeding 20%, while the value of Well D21 is less than 4%. Therefore, reservoir fractures in Well D19 are more conducive to fluid flow. Reservoir fractures have a similar occurrence to normal faults, indicating that the tensile stress field controlled the formation of such fractures. Developed reservoir fractures provide a good channel for groundwater convection. The circulation of regional groundwater and the heat exchange between water and rock and the multiple heat accumulation patterns form a stable and high potential heat reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field.  相似文献